Endotracheal Tube: Purpose, Procedure, and Potential Complications

Endotracheal Tube

An Endotracheal Tube (ET tube) is a medical device used to maintain an airway during mechanical ventilation. It is a flexible tube that is inserted through the mouth or nose into the trachea, the windpipe that leads to the lungs. The ET tube is then connected to a ventilator, which provides oxygen and helps the patient breathe.

Endotracheal intubation is a procedure that is typically performed in emergency situations, such as when a patient is unable to breathe on their own, or when they are undergoing surgery. The procedure requires the use of sedatives and muscle relaxants to ensure that the patient is comfortable and the tube can be inserted safely.

The Endotracheal Tube Market is anticipated to reach US$ 739.4 million in 2019 and grow at a 6.4% CAGR during the projected period (2019-2027).

Once the tube is in place, it is secured to the patient's face with tape or a special device called a tube holder. The tube has several ports or openings that allow for the delivery of oxygen, the suctioning of secretions, and the measurement of carbon dioxide levels.

The size of the Endotracheal Tube used is determined by the patient's age, size, and medical condition. The tube should fit snugly in the trachea but not be too tight, as this can cause damage to the airway. It is important to monitor the position and placement of the tube regularly, as movement or dislodgment can result in serious complications.

One of the risks associated with endotracheal intubation is the potential for damage to the vocal cords or other structures in the throat. This can result in hoarseness or difficulty speaking after the tube is removed. In some cases, the damage may be permanent and require further medical intervention.

Esophageal Stethoscope, which typically consist of a small plastic adapter coupled to a standard stethoscope via a thin elastic tube, are used during operations to assess and monitor respiratory and cardiac sounds.

Another potential complication of endotracheal intubation is the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). This is a type of pneumonia that can occur when bacteria from the mouth or throat travel down the tube and into the lungs. To prevent VAP, healthcare providers take special precautions, such as using sterile equipment during intubation, elevating the patient's head to prevent aspiration, and providing regular oral care.